Sebuah tesis bertajuk "Exalted Order: Muslim princes and the British Empire" oleh Kristopher Radford. Tesis dikemuka York Uni, Toronto tahun 2013. Baca Chp 3 - Malaya bermula m/surat 132/411.
Petikan:
On 20 January 1874 Abdullah, Sultan of Perak, signed the treaty of Pangkor with the British Government represented by Sir Andrew Clarke. The sultan agreed to receive a resident at his court and cede a small portion of his territory including the island of Pangkor, while the British agreed to protect his throne and pay him a subsidy.1 Clarke was the newly appointed Governor of the Straits Settlements, as the British possessions in Malaya were then known, and Perak was a large Malay state bordering on Siam (modern Thailand). After returning from his mission, Clarke addressed the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements in Singapore and heralded an aggressive policy to incorporate the autonomous Muslim-ruled states of the Malay Peninsula through British indirect rule as he had just done to Perak:
Folder: Afq Jan2023 opium trading (no 16).
Prayer Room Phnom Penh Airport
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