IAG 114 - Geodetic Theory Today

IAG 114 - Geodetic Theory Today is the theme for the 3rd Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy. The symposium was held in L'Aquila Italy on May 3 to June 3, 1994, convened and edited by Prof Sanso.

IAG 114 - Geodetic Theory Today

Fernando Sanso - Degree in Physics 1967 Milan (read cv here)
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IAG 113 - Gravity & Geoid

IAG 113 - Gravity & Geoid is the proceedings of the Joint Symposium of the International Gravity Commission and the International Geoid Commission. The symposium was held in Graz Austria in September 1994. The symposium was convened and edited by Prof Huns Sunkel (of TU Graz) and Ignio Marson of Italy.

IAG 113 (published in 1995)

(Sunkel - Dip-Ing 1973 Graz; PhD 1976 Graz)
(Source here - link; read thesis under sv Sunkel here - tugraz)

"State of the art of airborne gravimetry" by JM Brozena & MF Peters
"Problems with geoid evaluations in SE Asia" Kearsley & Zarina Ahmad
"Geoid computations in Taiwan" Tsuei, Arabelos, Forsberg, Sideris and Tziavos
"Determination of a Gravimetric Geoid Solution for South Korea" by HS Yun
"The Total Terrain Effect in the Modified Stokes' Formula" by LE Sjoberg

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UNB's SE name changed to GGE 1994

Beginning 1 January 1994 Dept of Surveying Engineering (SE) of UNB changed its name to Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering (GGE). The name changed is to better reflect the interdisciplinary spectrum of its activities.

Department changed its name to Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering on 1 January 1994 to better reflect the interdisciplinary spectrum of its activities.

SE name changed to GGE

Read history background of UNB SE (now GGE) here - unb.

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Bengkel Automation in Surveying (1994)

Sebagai mengganti kekosongan tugas penyeliaan tesis pada period 1994 dan tahun-tahun berikutnya diisi pula dengan beberapa projek pengendalian bengkel (atau kursus pendek), projek perundingan dan  juga penyelidikan. Pada tahun 1994 telah diadakan satu kursus pendek iaitu Bengkel Automation in Surveying: Theory & Practice.  Bengkel ini berjalan selama tiga hari pada Jun 20-22, 1994. Peserta yang hadir adalah dari Jupem, Politeknik tempatan dan syarikat juruukur berlesen.

Bengkel ini memberi pendedahan mengenai Automation in Surveying iaitu satu amalan kerja ukur yang menekan kepada pengendalian kerja ukur secara automasi. Ia bermaksud proses kerja ukur disempurnakan secara digital bermula dari data ukur yang dicerap tidak perlu dibukukan sebaliknya disimpan dalam disket. Kemudian semua kerja prosesan dan editing hinggalah penyediaan pelan dilakukan secara elektronik.

Foto peserta bengkel bersama staf yang mengendali bengkel dan juga staf pentadbir Fakulti Ukur

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Kuang - Optimization of Monitoring Schemes 1994

Kuang published a paper "Optimization of integrated survey schemes for deformation monitoring" in Geomatica 1994. Kuang's has done research in this topic for his PhD in UNB under supervision of Adam Chrzanowski.

Source - Geomatica (1994)

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Tiada Penyeliaan Tesis 1994-1998

Sepanjang tempoh 1994 hingga 1998 saya langsung tidak menyelia seorang pelajar pun untuk kerja tesis tahun akhir.  Antara sebabnya ialah tiada pelajar yang berminat dengan topik analisa deformasi (selepas Ng Ah Lee). Hal ini berlaku kerana pelajar agak keberatan disebabkan kerja analisa deformasi melibatkan pengetahuan hitungan pelarasan least squares dan juga pembangunan perisian (computer programming). Selain faktor least squares dan pengaturcaraan komputer saya senaraikan beberapa perkembangan lain yang mendorong banyak tajuk tesis sebagai pilihan untuk dikerjakan.

• Pelajar lebih teruja dengan perkembangan teknologi  Dengan adanya peralatan baru GPS maka banyak projek ukur GPS yang ditawarkan sebagai topik tesis.
• Dalam masa yang sama kemunculan sistem maklumat GIS turut mencetus keperluan membangunkan berbagai aplikasi GIS. Maka ramai pelajar yang menumpu perhatian mereka kepada GIS sebagai tajuk tesis.
• Selain itu pada tahun-tahun tersebut juga perkembangan teknologi maklumat berasaskan internet dan web mendominasi. Antara kesannya ramai pensyarah yang teruja untuk membangunkan aplikasi pengajaran dalam talian dan laman web. Hal ini juga membuatkan banyak tajuk tesis ditawarkan kepada pelajar.
• Dalam bidang ukur kejuruteraan pula dalam tempoh tersebut  juga muncul teknologi ukur automasi atau from field to finish. Maka banyaklah peralatan baru berserta modul perisian pemprosesan secara automasi yang dibeli dan tersimpan di Makmal UKK. Hal ini menyebabkan banyak projek tesis yang dilaksana untuk menguji pakai sistem ukur automasi.

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Erindale Surveying Program 1994

At one time Surveying program at the Erindale Campus of the U of Toronto was quite famous. The campus is known also as University of Totonto Mississauga. Among prominent professors there (at that time) are Gordon Gracie and Vanicek (of UNB). Beginning 1994 the program was no longer continued and the surveying group at Erindale were joining Dept of Geography. The emphasis of surveying program since then was changed to cartography, photogrammerty, remote sensing and GIS.

News of changes at Erindale

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Deformation Symposium Istanbul (1994)

Istanbul 94 is the proceedings of The 1^st Turkish International Symposium on Deformations. The event was organized by Istanbul Technical University, U of Newcastle upon Tyne and Chambers of Surveying Engineers Turkey. The symposium was held in Istanbul on September 5-9, 1994 and sponsored by FIG and IAG. The General Chair of Istanbul 94 was Prof PA Cross and Dr M Sahin as Organizer. The proceedings was also published in memory of Prof Dr Olcay Oztan died on Dec 21, 1994.

The proceedings of Istanbul '94

Among the papers presented were;

A Chrzanowski presented “FIG Commssion 6 activities in deformation monitoring and analysis”
Gokalp E & C Karaali “Combination of GPS and geodetic levelling in subsidence monitoring” and “Overview of the physical interpretation of deformation measurements”
Caspary “Robust time series analysis – a tool for deformation studies”
Kahmen “Deformation measurements, deformation analysis and quality control for large shell-type structures, bridges and tunnels” vol 2 p.1047
Rueger “Analysis of surveying robot measurements for building monitoring surveys” vol 2 p.1124
“Leaning Tower of Pisa – the geodetic approach to the control of deformation” – in vol 2, p1104

Prof Muhammed Sahin (b.1965; PhD Newcastle 1994)
(source - here and sahin)
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Commission Six Papers 1994

Following were some of the papers presented during Commission Six Meeting at Melbourne FIG;

"Geodetic control for SSC Project" (Chrzanowski, Greening, Robbins and Robinson)
"Error propagation in the Finite Element Analysis of deformations" (Anna-Szostak, AC, and Chen YQ)
"High precision metrology of large scientific equipment" (M Mayoud)
"Design of monitoring networks using the criterion of separability" (Chen YQ, S Zhou & C Tang)
"Deformation analysis by means of Kalman filtering - possibilities and prospects" (O Heunecke)
"The potential of laser scanning for dynamic deformation monitoring" (Teskey)

Teskey (b.1950; PhD 1988 Stuttgart)
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FIG XX Congress Melbourne (1994)

FIG XX Congress was held in Melbourne, March 5-12, 1994. Commission 6 during period 1990-1994 was officiated by Dr Henrik Haggren as Chairman (TU Helsinki, Finland), Vice Chairman Dr Chen Yong Qi (China) and Dr Theophile Engel as Secretary (Switzerland).

The Proceedings - Commission 6

The Working Group of Commission 6 (1990-1994) were recognized as follows;

WG 6A - measuring methods and measuring tolerances for quality control
WG 6B - Linear objects optimization of circulation ways
WG 6C - Deformation Surveys
WG 6D - Engineering geodetic information systems for buildings, plants and public utilities
WG 6E - Laser techniques and applications in engineering surveys

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Rutin Larasan, Fredton dan Hannover (1993)

Entri ini adalah lanjutan yang semalam bertujuan menjelaskan tentang rutin perisian yang telah dihasilkan sebagai produk akhir. Terdapat tiga rutin hitungan yang telah dibangunkan iaitu Larasan, Fredton dan Hannover. Larasan ialah pakej hitungan untuk menyelesaikan pelarasan least squares bagi jaringan geodetik manakala Fredton dan Hannover ialah pakej untuk menganalisa deformasi masing-masingnya menggunakan pendekatan Fredericton dan Hannover.

Sebagai produk peringkat awal kesemua perisian yang dibangunkan ini ada limitasi mereka yang tersendiri. Sebagai contoh pakej Larasan limitasinya ialah pada saiz jaringan geodetik iaitu maksima 20 stesen manakala jumlah data cerapan sebanyak 140. Perisian Fredton pula analisanya terbatas kepada jaringan geodetik dengan bilangan stesen maksimum cuma 7. Kesemua limitasi tesebut adalah kerana kekangan keupayaan perhitungan dengan komputer ketika itu. Processor komputer yang dipakai waktu itu ialah Pentium 286 dan diguna bersama disket sebagai medium setoran.

Ditahun-tahun berikutnya fokus telah diberi kepada pakej Larasan dan Fredton untuk dikerjakan semula. Kedua-dua pakej tersebut telah dirombak dan diubah suai dengan memasukkan berbagai pembaharuan dan up-date untuk meningkatkan keupayaan dalam menyelesaikan analisa deformasi geodetik.

Pentium lama dan beberapa keping disket

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Tesis Pelajar Ng Ah Lee (1993)

Semua pelajar tahun akhir akan berdepan dengan tugasan yang mencabar iaitu menyelesaikan tesis (atau kini dipanggil Projek Sarjana Muda ringkasnya PSM). Kalau ikutkan rentetan rekod yang ada pelajar pertama yang pernah menulis tesis BSurv di bawah kendalian saya ialah Ng Ah Lee. Beliau graduat pada tahun 1993 yang ketika itu mengikuti pengajian selama lima tahun di Fakulti Ukur (iaitu kelompok kelas 5 SUT).

Ng Ah Lee menyelesaikan tesis dalam bidang analisa ukur deformasi. Beliau telah menghasilkan pakej perisian analisa deformasi mengguna pakai dua kaedah utama iaitu Fredericton Approach dan Hannover Approach.

Cabaran besar pada ketika itu ialah keupayaan komputer yang terbatas, masih dengan platform DOS dan kapasiti RAM yang kecil. Namun beliau berjaya menghasilkan pakej perisian menggunakan Fortran yang boleh menganalisa deformasi untuk jaringan geodetik menggunakan cerapan konvensional - sudut mengufuk dan jarak. Tahniah Ng Ah Lee! Saya tak punya maklumat di mana dia sekarang. Semoga beliau berjaya dalam kariernya.

Tesis Ng Ah Lee (1993)

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Zeiss T-Flight - Photoflight Management System 1993

In 1993 Zeiss marketed T-FLIGHT - a GPS-supported photoflight management system. The system is useful for aerial surevying and mapping. The system also has four integrated components - GPS system, navigation computer and pilot display; T-Plan (for photogrammetric planning); T-Nav (for
GPS supported navigation) and T-Rep (for report creation).

T-Flight product of Zeiss (source - Geomatica journal)

Jabatan Tanah dan Survei Sarawak is reported having this system purchased for their photogrammetric mapping operation (read - jts).

Read more on T-Flight in this paper presented at asprs93 (link). It report on the use of T-Flight in Republic Guinea.

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Sokkia Set2C 1993

Sokkia memperkenal peralatan untuk ukur automasi Set2C, 3C dan juga 4C pada 1993.

Sokkia - 1993

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FIG Deformation Symposium Bannf (1993)

The 7^th International FIG Symposium on Deformation Measurement was held in Bannf Alberta, May 3-5, 1993. The symposium was hosted by Dept of Geomatics Engineering, U of Calgary and headed by Prof Bill Teskey. Venue of the symposium was The Bannf Center for Conferences. The best paper award was presented to Trevor Greening for his paper “Control surveys for tunneling at SSC”.

The proceedings

UNB team participated in the symposium with following contributions;
“The world wide status of monitoring and analysis of dam deformations” – AC, SL Frodge & S Avella
“Finite element Analysis of surface uplift and gravity changes of tectonic origin” – A S-C, AC, A Lambert & MK Paul

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Founding of International Geoid Service (1992)

The International Geoid Service (IGS) has been established as the operational group working within the framework of the International Geoid Commission. The IGS is intended to benefit the international scientific community and is without commercial interest. Its president, Fernando Sanso, was nominated by the president of the International Geoid Commission. The first IGS center began operating September 1 in Milan, Italy.

The IGS tasks include collecting data related to geoid determinations that are not already systematically collected by other agencies or services; ensuring that all data sets given to IGS are properly documented; collecting available geoid determination software utilizing a wide range of different methodologies, and verifying that the software is properly documented and complete with test examples.

The IGS is already involved in several projects: in Aristoteles, the space-borne gradiometric mission; 

in Geomed, determination of geoid and SST for the Mediterranean; and in the European Gravimetric

Geoid, which is lead by the Hannover Computing Center.

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