Parameter Estimation & Hypothesis Testing (Koch, 1999)

A book written by Karl-Rudolf Koch (Institute of Theoretical Geodesy, TU Bonn) published in 1999 as second edition.

Koch (1999) - Parameter Estimation

Contents:

Introduction - 1) Vector and matrix algebra; 2) Probability theory; 3) Parameter estimation in linear models; 4) Hypothesis testing, interval estimation and test for outliers.

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FIG Deformation Symposium Olsztyn (1999)

The 9th FIG Symposium on Deformation Measurements was held in Olsztyn Poland, in September 1999 hosted by the Institute of Geodesy, Warmia and Masuria University. Chairman of WG 6.1 (Prof Adam Chrzanowski) thanks Olsztyn for organizing the 9^th symposium. They managed to organized the event even in short notice arrangement. Originally the symposium was supposed to be held in Melbourne or Venezuela as what was decided during the last symposium in Hong Kong but both could not made it.

Proceedings of the 9th FIG SoDM

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Bomford Prize IAG Birmingham 1999 (Veronique Dehant)

IAG Birmingham 1999 Bomford Prize was awarded to Veronique Dehant, of Royal Observatory of Belgium for his work on nutation - observation and theory.

Due to the gravitational attraction of the Moon and the Sun and also the planets, the Earth deforms and undergoes polar motion, variations of the length-of-day and nutations. The amplitudes of these induced deformations and forced motions are additionally modified by the ocean and the atmosphere. These nutations can be observed by using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and can be computed from an Earth model involving physical parameters for the Earth’s interior. The comparison of the observation and the theory leads to a better understanding of the physics of the Earth’s interior, which in turn, allows to readjust the model.

Dehant's work in the nutation field can be described by different steps improving the nutation models and starting from the adopted nutation model by the IAU and the IUGG based on the rigid Earth nutation series of Kinoshita (1977) convolved with the model of Wahr’s (1981) nutation for an ellipsoidal rotating Earth, primarily in hydrostatic equilibrium, with an elastic inner core, a liquid core and an elastic mantle.

Dehant introduced mantle inelasticity in the input model. This work was completed for his PhD in 1986 under supervision of P Melchior.

Dehant V., 1986, "Intégration des équations aux déformations d'une Terre elliptique, inélastique, en rotation uniforme et à noyau liquide.", Ph.D. Thesis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, in French, 298 pp.

Veronique Dehant (read cv - here)
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Levallois Medal IAG Birmingham 1999 - Torben Krarup

A committee consisting of all IAG Past Presidents unanimously recommended to award at this General Assembly the Levallois Medal to Dr.h.c. Torben Krarup. Krarup, since about 1969, is generally recognized as the authority on physical geodesy. The name of "least–squares collocation" is inseparably connected with Torben. This idea goes back to the time when KP Schwarz was the chairman of an IAG Study Group on Mathematical Methods in Physical Geodesy of which Krarup was the most active and inspiring member.

Torben Krarup (1919 - 2005) read obituary here - springer
Dr.tech. h.c. degree in 1982 Graz

Krarup born March 2, 1919 in Odder (Denmark), he studied first mathematics and physics and then geodesy in Copenhagen, finishing 1952. At the Danish Geodetic Institute he was instrumental in geodetic computations, having actively participated in the construction of the electronic computer GIER built at the Geodetic Institute around 1960. So he was a pioneer also in this field.

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IAG Future Challenges (Birmigham 1999)

At IAG General Assembly Birmingham 1999 there was a session discussing about an IAG structure to meet the future challenges. Six papers were presented during the session;

1. An analysis of the current IAG structure and some thoughts on an IAG focus (KP Schwarz)
2. The pros and cons of having sections in IAG (F Sanso)
3. IAG services in the crrent framework of the IAG (G Beutler)
4. The role of IAG Special Stud Groups (D Wolf)
5. Scientific services in support of research in geodesy and geodynamics (M Feissel)
6. Reflections on a new structure for IAG Beyond 2000 - conclusions from the IAG Section II Symposium in Munich (G Beutler, H Drewes and R Rummel)

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Major development reported at IAG Birmingham

Major development in geodesy achieved reported at IAG Birmingham;

1. the active role of IERS in defining and implementing a global reference frame and the emergence of GPS as a major tool to accomplish frame realization at regional and local scales due to advances made in modeling, techniques, and quality control.
2. the SIRGAS project which exemplified how a reference network for a whole continent can be established in a relatively short time, given the information base provided by Services such as IGS and IERS and the cooperation between the different countries in this part of the world.
3. EUREF and EUVN which are the ongoing efforts in Europe to integrate classical network information with space geodetic data. This work, done under the auspices of Commission X, is exemplary for countries considering such action because it provides insight into the effort required and the gain achieved.
4. The active role of Commission VIII, commonly known as CSTG, in coordinating the different space techniques used for geodesy and geodynamics. It has led to a proposal for new IAG Services in SLR and VLBI to be decided upon at this meeting. It also has resulted in a major international project exploring the potential of GPS/GLONASS integration.
5. The continuing efforts of the Wegener Commission to use space and terrestrial methods for the solution of regional geodynamics problems in Europe and similar efforts, such as Geodyssea, in other parts of the world.
6. The publication of the new Global Geopotential Model EGM96 by NASA/OSU/NIMA after comprehensive testing of alternative solutions by a working group of the IAG Geoid Service. It was exemplary in showing the contribution IAG can make to such an effort.
7. The coming of age of airborne gravimetry as a method of high-resolution local geoid determination and as a potential tool for resource exploration.
8. The advances made in using GPS for the remote sensing of the atmosphere and the potential impact of such techniques on science and every day life.
9. The work performed on Temporal Variations of the Gravity Field, which is exemplary for its interaction with other groups working in the field and its high level of participation.

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IAG Birmingham 1999 - important activities & development

Following are the activity plan of IAG for the next four years;

After the initial discussions in November 1995 and Potsdam meeting in April 1997 Rummel presented a proposal for a Global Integrated Geodetic and Geodynamic Observing System (IGGOS) that incorporates many of the current activities and relates them to a common framework. The proposal would not only give a focus to IAG research, but would also result in a much higher visibility of the IAG contribution to Earth Sciences in general.

To start the satellite gravity mission - the second priority recognizes the difference in accuracy that currently exists between the various methods of global positioning (SLR, VLBI, GPS) on the one hand and the methods of global gravity field and geoid determination on the other. One obvious reason for the lower accuracy in gravity field approximation is the lack of dedicated satellite missions for gravity field research. Such missions would result in a much more consistent global resolution of the gravity field than is available today.

In 1995, when this discussion started, no mission in this area had been approved. There is the realistic possibility that three dedicated gravity missions may be launched within the next five to six years and that we actually may be entering a decade of potential field satellite missions.

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IAG 1999 Birmingham (Geodesist passes away)

IAG President (KP Schwarz) speech during the opening of IAG 1999 General Assembly at Birmingham began with mentioning of words to remember geodesists who left us since the last General Assembly. We lost eleven as follows (i.e., 1995-1999);

Isetan Hazay, Hungary in 1995

Attalah M.Wassef, Canada in 1995

Guy Bomford, UK in 1996

Erik Tengström, Sweden in 1996

Yuri D. Boulanger, Russia in 1997

Stanislaw Krynski, Poland in 1997

Tauno J. Kukkamäki, Finland in 1997

Svend Saxov, Denmark in 1998

Rudolf Sigl, Germany in 1998

Hermann van Gysen, S. Africa in 1998

Luman Wilcox, USA in 1999

Three former IAG presidents - Bomford, Boulanger, Kukkamäki - where among those who passed away during this period.

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Monograf SUT4033 (1998)

Sebuah monograf nipis yang diguna pakai pada tahun 1998 masih tersimpan di Librari. Monograf ini digunakan sebagai bahan bacaan asas subjek instrumentasi dan pengukuran elektronik.

SUT 4033 Instrumentasi & Pengukuran Elektronik (1998)

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WEF’98 “Do we need a gravimetric geoid …”

It’s now a long break period. Students are on their vacation until the new academic session in September. So its time to catch-up with some readings. Found an old paper by WEF (1998) “Do we need a gravimetric geoid or a model of the AHD to transform GPS heights in Australia”. Its in WF7 paper #9. The paper elaborated on why geoid and LVD is not coincide by giving a scenario example of Australia.

In answering the question mentioned in the title (WEF 1998) suggested that it is preferable to use a technique that accounts for the discrepancies between the vertical datum and gravimetric geoid model. This suggested approach yields a model of the separation between AHD and the WGS84 ellipsoid. WEF pointed out this serves as interim solution until readjustment of AHD/or re-definition of AHD.

Similar approach has been adopted for instance by Jiang & Duquenne (1996) – J of G; and in USA by Milbert 1995 – Geoid Bulletin 4.

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Geoid Meeting Budapest (1998)

The Second Continental Workshop on the Geoid in Europe was held in Budapest in March 1998.

The proceedings

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